Roman Civiization

Peradaban Roma
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Roman Civilization

•   Arts and humanities

Roman cultures are much influenced by the culture of Hellenism.

                The Romans had considerable expertise in the field of the art building. Some of their works are the Coliseum and Amphitheater; Pantheon; Viaduct and Aqua duct; and Limes (series of fort).

                The Romans are the result of marriage between native inhabitants and nomadic tribe. Nomadic tribes come from the north and around the Carpians Sea.

                There are two groups in Roman society, the society of free and slave. Slaves are the ones who are often oppressed and have no rights at all.

•   Language and communication

Latin and Greek were the dominant language of the Roman Empire. After the decentralization of political power, Latin developed locally into branches that became Roman languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Italian.

•   Religion and beliefs

                The Romans embrace animism (believe in spirits). Since expanding, Roman society began to embrace Christianity.

                At Roman Empire, when the reign of Tiberius, in the area of Palestine, develop Christianity taught by Jesus Christ (Isa). This new religion is monotheistic and different from the religion of the Romanian that is polytheistic (worship many gods).

After 4 centuries of Jesus Christ crucified on the Calvary, Golgotha, Christianity finally recognized by the Roman government.

•   Economics and trading

The development of the Roman economics boomed during the reign of Emperor Octavian. Trade is booming and all ports around the Mediterranean become a center of trade and shipping center. Shipping and ship buildings are carried by the Greeks. Roman also established trade relations with areas located around the Mediterranean Sea and the Chinese nation.

Roman civilization is located in Italy regions now. This area consists of mountains and lowlands. The lowlands are suitable for agriculture and stock-breading while the mountains produce mineral substances.

•   Political Organization

1.       Kingdom Era (750-510 BC [ Before Christ])

Initially the civilization takes the form of kingdom. This kingdom comes from Rome City. The government was ruled by the king who holds the unlimited power. After that, the kingdom’s form changes into republic.

2.       Republic Era (510 -31 BC )

In the beginning, the government is aristocratic. After 5 centuries, the republic will change into an imperium.

To strengthen the country, a lot of wars were declared by the Romans to wage a war against the neighboring countries. After the wars ended, appear the homeless called the proletariat (meaning the ones who only have children, because proler means kids).

The wars were declared by the Senate, the highest ruler of Rome at the time. After a while, the war generals rebelled against the Senate (and eventually won).

Three of the war generals managed to make the Senate has no power anymore. After the death of Crassus, one of the three commanders, there was a seizure of power by Julius Caesar, Pompeius, and other enemies, which eventually was won by the enemy to the death of Julius Caesar.

After the death of Julius Caesar, there has been a power struggle between Antonius and Octavianus. Eventually, it was won by Octavian to the death of Antonius.

3.       Roman Empire (31 BC-476 C)

After the death of Antonius, Octavian was crowned as the highest commander (imperator), Head of religion (ponti fex maximus); even thinking he is a god.

After Octavian’s death, there’s a lot of successor to Justinian’s throne. One of which was Tiberius, who during his reign, unfold the Christianity and the followers on Rome.  Nero, who commenced a massacre against the Christians. Constantine, who stopped the massacre. And finally Theodisius, who proclaimed Christianity as the religion of Rome, after 4 centuries of Jesus Christ crucified on the Calvary, Golgotha.

4.       The division of the Roman territory

In the reign of Emperor Theodisius, the territory is divided into two parts, namely:

-          The Western Roman Empire in Rome

Did not last long, because the Roman Emperor is only a puppet for the Huns and the Indo-German who entered the Western Roman. So, Emperor Odoacer abdicated and ended the Western Roman Empire.

-          The Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople

Eastern Roman Empire only lasted until the 10^th century because they were attacked by the Turks.

The Romans were the first nation to successfully enforce the law. Roman law that became the basis of the law of the countries of Europe, America, Asia, and Australia (in the world).

The Romans is a skillful organizer. This is evident in:

-          The Roman soldiers neatly arranged, either about the hierarchy, weapon, supplies, and dormitory.

-          Sector governance neatly arranged from the central government to the regions.

•   Analysis of effects on Indonesia

-          Roman laws are one of the bases to the international laws, one of which was Indonesians.

-          Indonesia used one of the Roman’s forms of government, Republics.

-          Business in Indonesia boomed during the reign of Octavian as they imported a lot of resources from Indonesia.

-          The Indonesian soldiers use a lot of strategy that was implemented first by the Romans, one of which was “flank”.

-          The architectures of the stadium all over the world (including Indonesia) follow the architecture from Roman Coliseum.

-          The knowledge and techniques of building roads, bridges, sewages, and water tanks that were formed by the Romans was used in Indonesia.

Sekian. Semoga ini dapat membantu dalam tugas dan juga menambah wawasan para pembaca. Maaf jika ada kesalahan dalam penggunaan kata-kata bahasa Inggris maupun Bahasa Indonesia.